Biology I Second Segment Study Guide

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Classification of Living things

  1. __________________ is the science of classifying living things.
  2. Living things are given a scientific name. The first name is the _________ name and it is capitalized and the second name is the ___________ name and it is not capitalized. The entire name is underlined or italicized. A leopard frog or Rana pipens is an example.
  3. List the 7 levels of classification of living things beginning with the largest taxa
  4. All living things are placed into kingdoms. Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protist, Fungus, Plant, and Animal.
  5. Viruses are not considered living things because they do not contain any cells. Review the adaptations of viruses and how they spread and reproduce.
  6. Explain why antibiotics are not effective against viruses.

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdom (Also called Moneran Kingdom)

The bacteria kingdoms contain only single celled, prokaryote type cells. The cells have cell walls.

  1. Name the three common shapes of bacteria.
  2. Bacteria reproduce by _______________ _______________. This is a type of asexual reproduction.

The Protist Kingdom

The Protist Kingdom is the most diverse kingdom. They contain eukaryote type cells. Some are autotrophic and some are heterotrophic. Some are single celled and some are multicellular. There are three groups of Protist: 1) Fungus like protist (example: slime mold), 2) Plant like fungus (example: algae) and 3) Animal like fungus (example: amoeba and paramecium).

The Fungus Kingdom

The Fungus Kingdom comprises living things that are eukaryotic and multicellular (except yeast) and are heterotrophic. They are called decomposers and the get food by absorption. Fungi also contain a cell wall made up of a sugar called chitin. Chitin is a very tough substance. It is also found in the hard covering of insects. It is what makes the crunching sound when you step on a cock roach!

  1. Fungi, like mushrooms, reproduce by releasing _____________________.
  2. List some common fungi.
  3. List some benefits of fungi.
  4. List some harmful fungi.

The Plant Kingdom

The Plant Kingdom consists of organisms that have eukaryote type cells and cell walls made of the sugar cellulose. Plants are all multicellular and autotrophic. Plants are also ultimately on the bottom of any food chain.

  1. Photosynthesis is the process by which convert ________________ energy into ____________ energy. It is how plants make energy rich food.
  2. ______________, ________________ and light are needed for photosynthesis.
  3. Photosynthesis takes place in the ______________________ organelle of the cell.
  4. ________________ is the common green pigment found in plants used for starting photosynthesis.
  5. Name the three parts of the vascular system of plants.
  6. Energy ________________ (increases or decreases) as an organism eats a plant.

The Animal Kingdom

Animals are all multicellular with eukaryote type cells. Animals do NOT have a cell wall. They are also heterotrophic and must ingest their food.

  1. Insects do not have a backbone.
  2. _______________ are a group of animals that do contain a backbone. Mammals are examples of animals with a backbone.
  3. _______________ is a term used to describe animals that can NOT control their body temperature internally. They must get into the sun to be warm and in the shade to be cool. Amphibians are examples.
  4. ______________is a term used to describe animals that can control their body temperature internally. Humans are an example.
  5. Review invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Recall some of the adaptations each group has and how they help the animals better survive their environment.
  6. Review the following systems and the major organs in each system.
    1. Digestive
    2. Respiratory
    3. circulatory
    4. nervous
Please contact your instructor if you have any questions about this study guide.

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